Профилактика тромбоэмболических осложнений при эндопротезировании

[Sereda Andrey]

[Ссылки доступны только зарегистрированным пользователям ]

[Sereda Andrey]

Список литературы

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[Sereda Andrey]

Важная поправка. Имеются восьмые рекомендации ACCP.
Посмотреть их можно тут - [Ссылки доступны только зарегистрированным пользователям ]
В настоящее время ведется работа по внесению дополнений в методичку.

[maxa1977]

Встретилась интересная вешь в J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.84:1894-1905, 2002, Michael H. Huo, What's New in Hip Arthroplasty
для варфарина
"The fixed-dose regimen
was at least as effective as the adjusted-dose regimen" p 1903

большое спасибо за такую трудоемкую и ценную работу.

[Sereda Andrey]

Сообщение от maxa1977

Встретилась интересная вешь в J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.84:1894-1905, 2002, Michael H. Huo, What's New in Hip Arthroplasty
для варфарина
"The fixed-dose regimen
was at least as effective as the adjusted-dose regimen" p 1903

Да, я и сам удивлялся. Интересно, что некоторые ортопеды вообще используют протокол ультрамалых доз варфарина и никак не регулируют дозу, получая при этом низкий уровень осложнений.

[Dr.Vad]

Хотелось бы обратить внимание коллег-ортопедов на то, что варфарин, применяемый в России, может быть не эквивалентен тому, что применяют за рубежом. Малые дозы варфарина (1-2 мг) там, как правило, вызывают слабую, но статистически достоверную гипокоагуляцию у большинства пациентов (повышение МНО на 20-40% или МНО 1,2-1,4), тогда как "наш" варфарин может такого эффекта и не оказывать. Поэтому, малые дозы аспирина в отечественной ортопедии видятся более действенным средством, нежели минидозы варфарина.

[Iluhin]

Зная отношение к "нашему" варфарину у ряда уважаемых коллег, я бы, тем не менее, от такого вывода воздержался В любом случае, можно и нужно проверять эффект малых доз варфарина на коагуляцию, особенно в первые дни - не исключен вариант сниженной резистентности к варфарину, когда на "малых дозах" мы получаем полноценную гипокоагуляцию с МНО 2.0 и более.

[Dr.Vad]

Это не вывод - это предостережение, что дженерики там и здесь - две большие разницы. Поэтому не считаю недопустимым применения малых доз варфарина, считаю недопустимым - без лаб. контроля по МНО. А это уже не fixed-dose, а adjusted-dose режим.

[Dr.Vad]

Хотелось бы обратить внимание коллег-ортопедов на недавний обзор 11 национальных рекомендаций по профилактике тромбоза в ортопедии и травматологии, где дискутируются сходства и различия в зависимости от страны (а также специализации экспертов):

J Thromb Haemost. 2009 Dec 21.
Comparing consensus guidelines on thromboprophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery.
Struijk-Mulder MC, Ettema HB, Verheyen CC, Büller HR.

Eleven guidelines from the following associations were included: The American College of
Chest Physicians (ACCP)[1], the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)[2],
the Cardiovascular Disease Educational and Research Trust (ICS)[3], the National Institute
for Clinical health and Excellence (NICE, United Kingdom)[4], the Scottish Intercollegiate
Guidelines Network (SIGN)[5], Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen
Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF, Germany)[6], a Sociedade Brasileira de
Angiologia e CirurgiaVascular (SBACV)[7], the South African Society of Thrombosis and
Haemostasis[8], Medical Front International Limited (Japan)[9], the French Society for
Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (SFAR)[10] and the Australia and New Zealand working
party on the management and prevention of venous thromboembolism [11].

Никакого варфарина в фиксированной дозе нет и в помине...

Гайдлайны спорят о варфарине:

Disagreements between guidelines

Total Hip Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty

VKAs are recommended in THA and TKA in 7 out of 11 guidelines. The ICS prefers LMWH
and fondaparinux above VKA in THA, because two large studies showed less efficacy and
higher rates of major bleeding with VKA compared to LMWH [21, 22]. Moreover, warfarin
was identified as a major risk factor for re-admission and fatal bleeding in national registries
[23, 24]. When a high bleeding risk is present in THA, the sole use of mechanical devices for
thromboprophylaxis is recommended by 5 guidelines. In TKA, mechanical devices without
pharmacological prophylaxis are recommended in 5 guidelines, regardless of the bleeding
risk. However, the level of evidence for the sole use of mechanical devices is lower than the
level of evidence for pharmacological prophylaxis...

И аспирине

Aspirin
The main issue leading to conflicting recommendations on the use of aspirin is whether there
is a relationship between asymptomatic DVT detected by venography or CUS and clinically
important VTE (symptomatic DVT and PE). The ACCP, for instance, states that there is a
strong relation between asymptomatic DVT and symptomatic DVT and PE [27]. In contrast,
the AAOS concludes that there is no convincing evidence linking asymptomatic DVT to
clinically relevant symptomatic DVT and PE. The ACCP seems to put a bigger emphasis on
the effective reduction of VTE and the AAOS seems more concerned with bleeding
complications. Both VTE and bleeding risk are, of course, very important considerations
when choosing thromboprophylaxis. The mix of hematologists and orthopedic surgeons of the
specific committees seems an attractive explanation for the different views.

[Sereda Andrey]

Апдейт в виде экстракта из рекомендаций ACCP 2008 (8-я редакция)
[Ссылки доступны только зарегистрированным пользователям ]

[Sereda Andrey]

[Ссылки доступны только зарегистрированным пользователям ]

[FRSM]

Summary and Comment

New Compression Device to Prevent Deep Venous Thrombosis
In hip-replacement patients, a portable compression device was as effective as enoxaparin, without the bleeding complications.


To prevent deep venous thrombosis (DVT), an effective and well-tolerated mechanical compression device would be a welcome alternative to antithrombotic drugs. "Active Care + SFT" is a lightweight battery-operated portable device that synchronizes leg compressions to respiratory-related venous flow. It can be worn during ambulation and can be used at home after hospitalization.

In this randomized trial, sponsored by the device manufacturer, 410 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty received 10 days of prophylaxis with the compression device or with enoxaparin (Lovenox). On lower-extremity duplex ultrasonography at 10 days, the incidence of DVT was 5% in both groups. Two patients in each group developed symptomatic pulmonary embolisms. Major bleeding occurred in 11 enoxaparin patients (6%) and in no patients in the device group.

Comment: In this study of DVT prophylaxis after hip replacement, a new portable mechanical compression device was as effective as enoxaparin and was not associated with major bleeding complications. Patients wore the device, which has an internal adherence monitoring system, for an average of 20 hours daily. The authors do not discuss cost or patient satisfaction in this report. However, if the device is similar to pharmacologic prophylaxis in cost and adherence, and if larger studies confirm its efficacy, it would represent an advance in postoperative DVT prophylaxis.

Journal Watch General Medicine April 1, 2010