#151
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нет, с анатомией у нас все нормально - у нас с методами лечения заморочки...
Текст по памяти цитировал, уж извините, лекция давненько была... С Эпли Вы уверены на все 100? Не так давно проскакивала статья, что не так однозначны результаты... |
#152
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Уверена в том плане, что читала рекомендации и воспользовалась ими применительно к пациентам ( д-р Синкин продемонстрировал на конкретных примерах )
А вот что не гладко - буду рада узнать ( спасибо, сейчас посмотрю ) Вообще в любом разделе мы говорим о конкретных темах и конкретных решениях- и только разделы озонотерапия ( покойный раздел на форуме), гомеопатия и психоанализ ( а теперь и мануальная терапия ) рвут на себе рубахи, доказывая право быть вообще и в частности Это всегда подозрительно
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Г.А. Мельниченко |
#153
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На 2004 все было гладко
1: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(2):CD003162. Links Update of: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(1):CD003162. The Epley (canalith repositioning) manoeuvre for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Hilton M, Pinder D. Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Rd, Exeter, Devon, UK, EX2 5DW. BACKGROUND: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a syndrome characterised by short-lived episodes of vertigo in association with rapid changes in head position. It is a common cause of vertigo presenting to primary care and specialist otolaryngology clinics. Current treatment approaches include rehabilitative exercises and physical manoeuvres including the Epley manoeuvre. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of the Epley manoeuvre compared to other treatments available for posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, or no treatment. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2004), MEDLINE (1966 to 2004), EMBASE (1974 to 2004) and reference lists of identified publications. Date of the most recent search was January 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials of adults diagnosed with posterior canal BPPV (including a positive Dix-Hallpike test).Comparisons sought: Epley manoeuvre versus placebo Epley manoeuvre versus untreated controls Epley manoeuvre versus other active treatment Outcome measures that were considered include: frequency and severity of attacks of vertigo; proportion of patients improved by each intervention; and conversion of a "positive" Dix-Hallpike test to a "negative" Dix-Hallpike test DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Both reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trials for quality. MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen trials were identified but twelve studies were excluded because of a high risk of bias, leaving three trials in the review. Trials were mainly excluded because of inadequate concealment during randomisation, or failure to blind outcome assessors. The studies included in the review (Lynn 1995; Froehling 2000; Yimtae 2003) addressed the efficacy of the Epley manoeuvre against a sham manoeuvre or control group by comparing the proportion of subjects in each group who had complete resolution of their symptoms, and who converted from a positive to negative Dix-Hallpike test. Individual and pooled data showed a statistically significant effect in favour of the Epley manoeuvre over controls. There were no serious adverse effects of treatment. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence that the Epley manoeuvre is a safe effective treatment for posterior canal BPPV, although this is based on the results of only three small randomised controlled trials with relatively short follow up. There is no good evidence that the Epley manoeuvre provides a long term resolution of symptoms. There is no good evidence comparing the Epley manoeuvre with other physical, medical or surgical therapy for posterior canal BPPV. Далее вроде тоже ничего Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction. [Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007] [Maneuvers for the treatment of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo: a systematic review]
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Г.А. Мельниченко |
#154
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Цитата:
Цитата:
![]() А вот сентенции типа "не выкручивайтесь" здесь неуместны. Мне-то безразлично, а кому-то может не понравиться. |
#155
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Цитата:
Так что пример с Солнцем и Землей вы привели неудачный. Некоторый недочет по школьной программе. |
#156
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Цитата:
Я тоже училась в школе ![]() И вообще вы с точки зрения механики такое написали ![]() |
#157
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Олег,
Доказательная медицина на то и опирается, что "самоочевидное" проверяется и перепроверяется. То, что одному кажется самоочевидным (например, мне ситуация с Солнцем), другим таковым не кажется (Андрею Середе). Многим далеко не самоочевидно, что, во-первых, асимметричное развитие мышц является причиной сколиоза, во-вторых, что правши носят сумки на правом плече. Мне далеко не самоочевидно, что асимметричная нагрузка НА ПОЗВОНОЧНИК выльется в гипертрофию мышц на ипсилатеральной стороне и что вообще будет асимметрия. Это можно еще допустить для мышц конечностей, а в работе осевого скелета немаловажны постуральные компенсаторные мышцы. Простите, если слово "выкручиваетесь" Вас задело - чесслово не в обиду. А вот вопрос все же задам прямой ![]() Почему Вы на себя взяли на себя это почетное право определить, что самоочевидно, а что нет? Вы эксперт, я эксперт. Если для одного что-то не самоочевидно - это не повод другому тут же решить, что он "мозгами не дорос" до понимания ![]() |
#158
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Андрей
Своей репликой Вы только подтвердили не-самоочевидность того, что одному кажется самоочевидным. С чтением у Вас что-то не очень - плохо читали дискуссию...или с логикой... В общем, некоторый недочет в дошкольном образовании... |
#159
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Цитата:
По крайней мере я нигде не встречал прямого утверждения о вере И.Ньютона в абсолютную систему. Если же говорить об Эйнштейне, то он действительно оспорил существование абсолютной системы координат путем поставки под сомнения и математического доказательства принципиальной невозможности существования константной точки отсчета системы координат. Другое дело, что к нашему топику Эйнштейн имеет весьма косвенное отношение, а я физик непрофессиональный. Суть моего ответа на пост про Солнце и Землю только в том, что nzosteo вместо доказательства привел совсем неудачный и безграмотный пример про то, что Земля вращается вокруг Солнца, а не наоборот. Впоследствии он говорит о том, что "Своей репликой Вы только подтвердили не-самоочевидность того, что одному кажется самоочевидным". Т.е. ставит под сомнение взвешенность своих слов в посте про "что вокруг чего вращается". Дорогой nzosteo, дело в том, что Ньютон, как и любой другой серьезный ученый после идеи делает доказательство. Горы тетрадок с бесконечными расчетами. Ночи бессонные, потраченные на доказательство своей точки зрения. И победа заключалась в доказательстве, которое позволило сдвинуть систему координат. Других людей. Попробуйте привести доказательства, а потом я сдвину свою точку отсчета. Наоборот нельзя. Сначала - научные факты, а не требование сменить систему координат. |
#160
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#161
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some astronomy for kids and doctors
Living on Earth may be expensive, but it includes an annual free trip around the Sun.
Two astrophysicists are discussing their research in a bar one evening when a drunk who has been sitting and listening in at the next seat turns and says, in a very worried voice, "What was that you just said?" "We were discussion stellar evolution, and I said to my colleague here that the Sun would run out of nuclear fuel and turn into a red giant star in about 5 billion years, possibly melting the Earth." "Whew!" says the drunk, "You really had me worried. I thought you said 5 million." Q: How far can you see on a clear day? A: 93 Million miles...From here to the Sun. Janet Reid was driving her daughter westward after the Malibu fires when the smoke in the sky made everything look surreal. "Oh, Wendy, look at the sun," she told her daughter. "It looks like a big ball of fire." The three-year-old preschooler replied: "It is a big ball of fire." "It's a good thing the guy in charge of naming galaxies was into chocolate bars and not Chinese food. Otherwise, the Milky Way might have been named Moo Goo Gui Pan, and who wants to have to learn about that?" [Ссылки доступны только зарегистрированным пользователям ] |
#162
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Цитата:
Цитата:
Цитата:
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#163
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Цитата:
Не все читают по английски .............. Особенно важен выбор правильной системы координат в астрономии. В начале нашей эры астрономы связывали основную систему координат с Землей. Они наблюдали движение звезд относительно небесного свода, аккуратно записывая данные. Как следствие этого, некоторые "блуждающие звезды" (позже было выяснено, что они являются планетами Солнечной системы) двигались относительно неподвижных звезд по странным кривым. Для того, чтобы описать это движение астрономами прошлых веков были придуманы сложные схемы - движение по эпициклам и дифферентам. Скажем сразу, что если бы астрономы древности поставили в центр мироздания Солнце, а не Землю, если бы описали движение планет по эллипсам, то, кто знает, возможно законы тяготения Ньютона были бы открыты на несколько столетий раньше. Описать движение по эпициклам пользуясь простой зависимостью силы от расстояния, как это сделал Ньютон, было невозможно! Понадобился Коперник, который поместил начало системы координат в центр Солнца, понадобился Кеплер, который установил законы движения в виде движения планет по эллипсам, а много лет спустя Ньютон, пользуясь этими законами, открыл закон всемирного тяготения (шутник 18 - го века, Фонтенель пустил по свету шутку, что Ньютон открыл свои законы от того, что ему на голову упало яблоко, однако на самом деле это было не так). Мы видим, что выбор "неправильной" системы координат задержал открытие закона всемирного тяготения! ........................... [Ссылки доступны только зарегистрированным пользователям ] Вы полагаете, что звезды неподвижны? |
#164
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Ну для тех, кто читает
![]() Below is a list of useful Astronomy words. These big words were created by scientists to explain what happens in Outer Space. It is useful to know these words, but you don't have to memorize them all in one big chunk. That would ruin all the fun. Rather learn these Astronomy words one by one as you explore, and learn about our Universe. If you see a word you do not know come here look it up, and hopefully it will stay in you memory. Absolute magnitude How bright a star would look if it were 32.6 light years away from the Earth. Absolute zero The lowest possible temperature -273.16 degrees C. Acceleration Change in velocity (speed, or direction). Airglow The natural glow of the night sky due to reactions that take place in the Earths upper atmosphere. Albedo The albedo of an object is how much light it reflects, a perfect reflector such as a mirror would have an albedo of 100, the moon has an albedo of 7, and the Earth has an albedo of 36. Angstrom unit Unit used to measure the wavelength of light, and other electromagnetic radiation. Apastron When two stars that orbit each other are as far away from each other as they can get. Aphelion The point in an objects orbit around the Sun when it is furthest from the Sun. Apogee The point in an objects orbit around the earth when it is furthest from the Earth. Aerolite A meteorite which is stoney. Asteroid A rock, or Minor Planet orbiting the Sun. Astrology A belief that links the positions of the stars and planets to human destinies. It has no scientific background. Astronomical Unit The distance from the Earth to the Sun. Usually written AU. Astrophysics The use of physics and chemistry in the study of Astronomy. Atmosphere The gaseous area surrounding a planet or other body. Atom The smallest particle of any element. Aurora beautiful lights seen over the polar regions which are caused when energized particles from the Sun react with the Earths magnetic field. Axis An imaginary straight line on which an object rotates. Background radiation Weak microwave radiation coming from space in all directions. It is believed to be the remnant of the Big Bang. Barycentre The center of gravity of the Earth, and moon. Binary star A star which is actually made up of two stars orbiting each other. Black Hole A region of space around a very small and extremely massive object within which the gravitational field is so strong that not even light can escape. Bolide A brilliant meteor, which may explode during its descent through the Earth's atmosphere. Bolometer A sensitive radiation detector. Celestial sphere An imaginary sphere surrounding the Earth. It is used to help astronomers explain where objects a found in the sky. Cepheid A variable star that scientists can use to determine how distant a galaxy, or star cluster is. Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) A sensitive imaging device which is replacing photography in most branches of Astronomy. Chromosphere Part of the Sun's atmosphere, it is visible during a total solar eclipse. Circumpolar star A star which never sets, but can be viewed year round. Clusters A group or stars, or galaxies which are held together by their common gravity. Color index A measure of a star's color, which tells scientists how hot the stars surface is. Coma The hazy-looking patch surrounding the nucleus of a comet. Comet A small, frozen mass of dust and gas revolving around the sun. Conjunction When a planet appears to come close to another planet, or star. It only appears to come close because it moves in between the other object, and the Earth. Constellation A grouping of stars which have been given names by ancient astronomers because of the way they look. Corona The outermost part of the Sun's atmosphere. Coronagraph A type of telescope designed to view the Sun's Corona. Cosmic rays High-speed particles that reach the Earth from Outer Space. Cosmology The study of the universe. Day Amount of time it takes the Earth to spin once on its axis. Density The compactness of matter. Direct motion Objects moving around the Sun in the same direction as the Earth are moving in direct motion, objects moving in the opposite direction are moving in retrograde motion. Diurnal motion The apparent motion of the sky from East to West caused by the Earth moving from West to East. Earthshine The faint glow of the moon when the side facing Earth is dark. Caused by light reflecting off the Earth. Eclipse When our view of one object in the sky is blocked by either another object, or the Earths shadow. Ecliptic The path the Sun, Moon, and planets all follow in the sky. Ecosphere The area around a star where it is just the right temperature for life to exist. Electron Negative particle which orbits an atom. Element Substance which cannot be broken down any further. there are 92 known elements. Equinox March 21st, and September 22nd. Twice a year, when the day and night are the same amount of time all around the world. Escape velocity The speed an object must have in order to escape from another objects gravity. Exosphere The outermost part of the Earth's atmosphere. Flares (Solar Flares) Beautiful eruptions in the outer part of the Sun's atmosphere. Galaxy A group of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity. Gamma ray Extremely short-wavelength, and energetic electromagnetic radiation. Geocentric Simply means the Earth in the Center. People used to believe the Universe was geocentric, or that the Earth was in the center of the Universe. Geophysics Study of the Earth using Physics. Gibbous When the Moon is more than half full, but less than completely full. HI region Cloud of neutral hydrogen. HII region Cloud of ionized hydrogen. Hertzspurng-Russell Diagram A diagram which helps scientists understand different kinds of stars. click here to learn more. Hubble Constant The relationship between the distance of an object, and the speed at which it is traveling away from us. The further away an object is the faster away from us it is traveling. |
#165
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Inferior planets
Mercury and Venus which lie closer to the Sun than the Earth are called inferior planets. Ionosphere Region of the Earths atmosphere. Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion 1. The planets move in elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus. 2. An imaginary line joining the center of a planet to the center of the Sun sweeps the same amount of space all the time. 3. The time it takes a planet to orbit the Sun is related to how far away from the Sun an object is. Kirkwood gaps Regions in the asteroid belt where almost no asteroids can be found. This is due to the fact that the giant planet Jupiter changes the orbits of any object which enters these areas. Light Year The distance which a ray of light would travel in one year. This is about 6,000,000,000,000 (6 trillion) miles. Limb The edge of any object in Outer Space. The edge of the Moon for example. Local Group A group of around two dozen galaxies. It is the group to which our galaxy belongs. Lunation Period between new moons. 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes. Magnetosphere Region around an object where the influence of the objects magnetic field can be felt. Mass How much matter an object contains, it is not the same as weight, although an objects mass does help determine how much it will weigh. Meteor A shooting star, observed when a particle of dust enters into the Earth's atmosphere. Meteorite An object from Outer Space such as a rock, that falls into the earth, and lands on its surface. Meteoroids Any small object in Outer Space, such as dust, or a rock. Micrometeorites An extremely small object. They are so small that when they hit the Earths atmosphere they do not create a shooting star effect. Milky Way Our Galaxy. (the word "Galaxy" actually means milky way in Greek). Minor planet Asteroid Molecule A group of atoms linked together. Multiple star A group of stars that orbit each other. Nadir That point on the celestial sphere directly below the observer. Nebula A cloud of gas and dust. Neutrino A very small particle with no mass or charge. Neutron star The remnants of an a dead star, they are incredibly compact, and spin very quickly, some spin 100 times a second. Nova A star which suddenly flares up to many times its original brightness before fading again. Occultation The covering up of one celestial body by another. Opposition When a planet is exactly opposite the Sun, so that the Earth is between them. Orbit The path one object takes around another. Ozone An area in the Earth's upper atmosphere which absorbs many of the lethal radiations coming from space. Parallax The shift of an object when it is viewed from two different places. For example if you close one eye, and look at your thumb nail, and then switch eyes, you will see everything in the background move back and forth. Scientists use this to measure the distance to stars. Parsec 3.26 light years Penumbra The lighter part of a shadow found on the shadows edge. Periastron When two stars that orbit each other are at there closest point. Perigee The point in an objects orbit around the Earth when it is closest to the Earth. Perihelion When an object which revolves around the Sun is at the closest point it gets to the Sun. Perturbations The disturbances in the orbit of a celestial object caused by the gravitational pull of another object. Phases The apparent change in the shape of the Moon, Mercury, and Venus due to how much of the sunlit side is facing the Earth. Photosphere The bright surface of the Sun. Planet An object moving around a star. Planetary nebula A nebula of gas surrounding a star. Precession The Earth Behaves like a spinning top. Its poles are spinning in circles causing the poles to point in different directions over time. It takes 25,800 years for the Earth to complete one precession. Proper motion The motion of the stars across the sky as seen from Earth. Closer stars have a higher proper motion than more distant ones, just as in your car closer objects such as road signs seem to move faster than distant mountains and trees. Proton The center of an Atom is made up of one or more protons. It has a positive charge. Quasar A very distant immensely bright object. Radiant The area in the sky where during a meteor shower the meteors appear to radiate from. Radio galaxies Galaxies which are extremely powerful emitters of radio radiation. Red shift When an object is traveling away from the Earth The light from this object is stretched out, making it look redder. Revolve When something is moving in a circle around another object such as the way the Moon Circles the Earth it is said to revolve around that object. Rotate When an object spins it is said to be rotating. Saros cycle A period of 18 years 11.3 days in which eclipses repeat themselves. Satellite A small object orbiting a larger one. There are many electronic objects that orbit the Earth. Scintillation Twinkling of stars. Due to the Earth's atmosphere. Seeing The condition of the Earth's atmosphere at a particular time. If the sky is clear astronomers say there is good seeing. Selenography The study of the Moon's surface. Seyfert galaxies Galaxies with small bright centers. Many Seyfert galaxies are good sources of radio waves. Shooting star A light in the atmosphere caused by a meteor falling towards the Earth. Solar System The system of planets and other objects orbiting the star Sol, which happens to be our Sun. Solar wind A steady flow of particles streaming out from the Sun in all directions. Solstice 22 June, and 22 December. Time of the year when the day is either shortest, or longest depending on where you are. Spicules Jets up to 16,000 kilometers in diameter, in the Sun's atmosphere. Stratosphere Level of the Earths atmosphere from about 11-64 kilometers above sea level. Star A self-luminous object that shines through the release of energy produced by nuclear reactions at its core. Supernova A super bright explosion of a star. A supernova can produce the same amount of energy in one second, as an entire galaxy. Sundial Ancient instrument used to tell time. Sun spots Dark patches on the Sun's surface. Superior planets The planets which lie further from the Sun than the Earth. Synchronous satellite An artificial satellite which moves around the Earth at the same speed that the Earth rotates, so that it is always above the same part of Earth. Syzygy The position of the Moon in its orbit when at new or full phase. Terminatior The line between day and night on any celestial object. Thermocouple An instrument used for measuring very small quantities of heat. Time dilation The idea that as you approach the speed of light time slows down, and mass increases. Trojans asteroids Asteroids that circle the Sun following Jupiter orbit. Troposphere The lowest part of the Earth's atmosphere. Umbra The dark inner part of a sunspot, or shadow. Variable stars Stars which fluctuate in brightness. Zenith Point directly above your head in the night sky. |